Characteristics of intestinal flora in patients with primary Sj?gren syndrome / 浙江大学学报·医学版

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate changes in intestinal flora in patients with primary Sj?gren syndrome (pSS) and explore the relationship between pSS disease activity and intestinal flora structure.@*METHODS@#Fecal samples were collected from 18 female pSS patients, including 9 patients with active disease (group A) and 9 with disease inactivity or low activity (group B), with 10 healthy subjects as the control group. The total bacterial DNA was extracted from the fecal samples for PCR amplification, and Illumina Hiseq 2500 high-throughput sequencing was performed for the v3-v4 region of 16Sr DNA gene to obtain the biological information of the intestinal flora. The intergroup OTU analysis, structural diversity analysis, significant difference analysis and LEFSE analysis were performed with information mining of the literature think tanks.@*RESULTS@#The dilution curves generated based on the OTUshannon index for analysis of sample complexity showed that the measured data were relatively complete and could reflect the diversity of the microorganisms in the subjects. Analysis of the Alpha diversity index showed that the Shannon index differed significantly between group A and group B, and the Simpson index differed significantly between group A and group B and between group A and the control group ( < 0.05). Sequence analysis the 3 groups all consisted mainly of 4 phylum (, , , showed that the intestinal flora in and ) and 4 genera (, , , and ), all showing no significant differences among the 3 groups ( > 0.05) with the exception of genus, which differed significantly among the 3 groups ( < 0.05). The 16S v3-v4 region in the genus , , , , , , , , , , -, and differed significantly among the 3 groups ( < 0.05). The high-dimensional biometrics and genomic characteristics of the intestinal microorganisms differed significantly among the 3 groups ( < 0.05). According to the size of LDA SCORE (effect size), the core flora in group A included the genera , , -, , -, , , , and , as compared with the genera , , , , , -, , - and in the control group.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Patients with pSS have significant changes in the diversity of intestinal flora, especially in some specific bacteria in genus and in 16S v3-v4 region of the bacteria. The differences in the core bacteria in the intestinal flora of pSS patients suggest the role of flora structure changes in the pathogenesis of pSS.

Research progress on the role of heat shock protein 27 in prostate cancer / 中国药科大学学报

@#Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in adult men. Heat shock proteins (HSPs),as molecular chaperones widely involved in the pathogenesis,diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of various cancers,play crucial biological functions in prostate cancer and it can be considered as valuable biomarkers for cancer therapy, such as prostate-specific membrane antigen. As a member of the heat shock protein family, HSP27 is related to prostate cancer castration resistance,and its expression can promote tumor resistance,invasion and bone metastasis,making prostate cancer more invulnerable to treatments. Therefore,targeting HSP27 in prostate cancer can be perceived as one promising cancer treatment strategy. This article reviews the structure and function of HSP27,and its potential role on castration resistance and targeted therapy in order to provide a new theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of prostate cancer.

Progress of pertussis toxin / 国际儿科学杂志

Pertussis is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by Bordetella pertussis.In recent years, pertussis reappearance makes it become one of the important diseases affecting human health.Pertussis toxin is an important virulence factor produced by Bordetella pertussis.It is an important component of acellular pertussis vaccine, and is related to most clinical symptoms and fatal pertussis.This paper reviews the molecular structure and pathogenesis of pertussis toxin.

Characteristics of intestinal flora in patients with primary Sjögren syndrome / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate changes in intestinal flora in patients with primary Sj?gren syndrome (pSS) and explore the relationship between pSS disease activity and intestinal flora structure.@*METHODS@#Fecal samples were collected from 18 female pSS patients, including 9 patients with active disease (group A) and 9 with disease inactivity or low activity (group B), with 10 healthy subjects as the control group. The total bacterial DNA was extracted from the fecal samples for PCR amplification, and Illumina Hiseq 2500 high-throughput sequencing was performed for the v3-v4 region of 16Sr DNA gene to obtain the biological information of the intestinal flora. The intergroup OTU analysis, structural diversity analysis, significant difference analysis and LEFSE analysis were performed with information mining of the literature think tanks.@*RESULTS@#The dilution curves generated based on the OTUshannon index for analysis of sample complexity showed that the measured data were relatively complete and could reflect the diversity of the microorganisms in the subjects. Analysis of the Alpha diversity index showed that the Shannon index differed significantly between group A and group B, and the Simpson index differed significantly between group A and group B and between group A and the control group ( < 0.05). Sequence analysis the 3 groups all consisted mainly of 4 phylum (, , , showed that the intestinal flora in and ) and 4 genera (, , , and ), all showing no significant differences among the 3 groups ( > 0.05) with the exception of genus, which differed significantly among the 3 groups ( < 0.05). The 16S v3-v4 region in the genus , , , , , , , , , , -, and differed significantly among the 3 groups ( < 0.05). The high-dimensional biometrics and genomic characteristics of the intestinal microorganisms differed significantly among the 3 groups ( < 0.05). According to the size of LDA SCORE (effect size), the core flora in group A included the genera , , -, , -, , , , and , as compared with the genera , , , , , -, , - and in the control group.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Patients with pSS have significant changes in the diversity of intestinal flora, especially in some specific bacteria in genus and in 16S v3-v4 region of the bacteria. The differences in the core bacteria in the intestinal flora of pSS patients suggest the role of flora structure changes in the pathogenesis of pSS.

The features and associated factors of tremor in patients with epilepsy / 中华神经科杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical and electrophysiological characteristics of tremor in patients with epilepsy, and explore the related factors affecting the occurrence of tremor.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted to collect 80 patients with epilepsy in the Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from September 2018 to September 2019. Patients were divided into tremor group and non-tremor group according to clinical evaluation. All patients with epilepsy were evaluated by the Clinical Rating Scale for Tremor and were examined by electromyography (EMG).Results:There were 22 (27.5%, 22/80) patients who were found with tremor by self-reported complaint and (or) physical examination by clinicians, mainly manifested as postural tremor in the upper limbs, and 7.5% (6/80) patients also showed resting tremor. The EMG examination revealed that 51 patients (63.8%, 51/80) had tremor in the upper limbs. The incidence was 2.3 times as much as clinical evaluation. Among them, 42 patients (82.3%, 42/51) manifested postural tremor in upper limbs, 32 patients (62.7%, 32/51) manifested resting tremor. The peak frequency of postural tremor was (7.2±4.1) Hz, and synchronous burst pattern was mainly showed. The peak frequency of resting tremor was (5.3±2.2) Hz, and alternating burst pattern was mainly showed. Multivariate analysis showed that large number of medications and long duration of taking valproate acid were significantly related to the occurrence of tremor in patients with epilepsy.Conclusions:Tremor is mainly manifested as postural tremor in the upper limbs in patients with epilepsy. The EMG is a more sensitive and objective examination, which can detect tremor that was not yet noticed. Large number of medications and long duration of taking valproate acid might be the mainly associated factors for occurrence of tremor in patients with epilepsy.

Copper caused reproductive endocrine disruption in zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Cu in surface waters has been demonstrated to affect aquatic animals at ecologically relevant concentrations. However, its effects on reproductive endocrine system and the underlying toxicological mechanisms are largely unknown. In this study, zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to 0, 10, 20, 40 µg/L of Cu for 30 days. Growth, gonad histopathology, the hormone levels and the transcriptional profiles of genes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis in both sexes were examined. The results indicated that body weight was significantly reduced, the gonadal development was affected, and the levels of E2, T and 11-KT were remarkably disturbed in Cu-exposed fish. Moreover, the expression profiles of steroidogenesis-related genes in gonad (3ßhsd, 17ßhsd, cyp11a1, cyp17, cyp19a, lhr, fshr, hmgra and star) and in brains (ar, cyp19b, erα, er2ß, lhß, fshß, gnrh2, gnrh3, gnrhr1, gnrh2 and gnrh4) displayed alterations after exposure to Cu. These results demonstrated that Cu could suppress the growth of zebrafish and significantly affect the reproductive biology in both sexes by damaging the structure of the gonads, altering the steroid hormone levels and the expressions of endocrine-related genes in HPG of zebrafish. This study suggests that Cu adversely affects the reproductive endocrine system in zebrafish and could pose a potential threat to fish populations inhabiting Cu-contaminated waters.

Expression of G9a in breast cancer and its effect on proliferation of breast cancer cells / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To study the expression of G9a in human breast cancer, its association with the clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer, and its effect on the proliferation of breast cancer cells.@*METHODS@#A total of 122 specimens of breast cancer tissues and 61 adjacent normal tissues resected between October, 2016 and October, 2017 were obtained from the Tissue Bank of Ningxia Medical University General Hospital. Immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR were used to detect the expression of G9a in the breast cancer tissues. The relationship of G9a with the clinicopathological features of the patients, molecular subtypes of breast cancer and the immunohistochemical markers was analyzed. A bioinformatics approach was used to analyze the expression of G9a in breast tissues and its association with the prognosis of the patients with breast cancer. UNC0631, a G9a inhibitor, was used to investigate the effect of G9a on the proliferation of breast cancer cells .@*RESULTS@#The results of immunohistochemical study, real-time PCR and bioinformatics analysis showed that G9a was highly expressed in human breast cancer tissues. G9a was highly expressed in breast invasive ductal carcinoma, and its expression was negatively correlated with age ( < 0.05). Her-2-overexpressing breast cancer showed high expressions of G9a, which was positively correlated with the expressions of Her-2, Ki-67 and E-cadherin ( < 0.05). Bioinformatics analysis suggested that a high G9a expression was an independent risk factor for poor prognosis of breast cancer. In cultured breast cancer cells, the application of the G9a inhibitor significantly inhibited the cell proliferation.@*CONCLUSIONS@#G9a is highly expressed in breast cancer tissues to promote the development and progression of breast cancer. A high G9a expression is an independent risk factor for poor prognosis of breast cancer, and G9a may serve as a new target for early diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer.

Changes in expression of gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit genes in dorsal root ganglia in a mouse model of neuropathic pain / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To evaluate the changes in the expression of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor subunit genes in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) in a mouse model of neuropathic pain. Methods Experiment Ⅰ Twenty-four male C57BL6 mice, aged 8 weeks, weighing 25-30 g, were di-vided into sham operation group (group Sham, n=12) and neuropathic pain group (group NP, n=12) by using a random number table method. Neuropathic pain was produced by bilateral L4 spinal nerve ligation in anesthetized mice in group NP . The mechanical pain threshold of bilateral hindpaws was measured at 1 day before establishing the model and 7 days after establishing the model. Mice were then sacrificed and DRGs of the bilateral L4 were removed to perform transcriptome sequencing and to analyze the expression of GABA receptor subunit genes. Experiment Ⅱ Twenty-four male C57BL6 mice, aged 8 weeks, weighing 25-30 g, were studied. Neuropathic pain was produced by the left L4 spinal nerve ligation in anesthetized mice. Six mice were selected at 1 day before establishing the model and 3, 7 and 14 days after establishing the model, and the mechanical pain threshold of the left hindpaw was measured. Mice were then sacrificed and DRGs of the left L4 were removed to verify the expression of differentially expressed GABA receptor subunitgenes described in experiment Ⅰby quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results ExperimentⅠ Compared with group Sham, the mechanical pain threshold was significantly increased, the expression of Gabra1, Gabra2, Gabrb3, Gabrg2, Gabbr1 and Gabbr2 in DRGs was down-regulated, and the expres-sion of Gabrg1 in DRGs was up-regulated at 7 days after establishing the model in group NP ( P<0. 05 or 0. 01) . Experiment Ⅱ Compared with the baseline at 1 day before establishing the model, the mechanical pain threshold was significantly increased, and the expression of Gabra1, Gabra2, Gabrb3, Gabrg2, Gab-br1 and Gabbr2 in DRGs was down-regulated at each time point after establishing the model ( P<0. 05 or 0. 01) , and no significant change was found in the expression of Gabrg1 in DRGs at each time point after establishing the model ( P>0. 05) . Conclusion The expression of GABA receptor subunit genes Gabra1, Gabra2, Gabrb3, Gabrg2, Gabbr1 and Gabbr2 in DRGs is down-regulated, and the expression of Gabrg1 in DRGs is up-regulated in a mouse model of neuropathic pain.

Preventive Effect of Caffeine on Alzheimer's Disease / 现代生物医学进展

Objective:To explore the effects of caffeine on the prevention of Alzheimer's disease (AD).Methods:Use Ethanol as a solvent to extract the caffeine in tea and then injecting 5％ D-galactose saline solution 1ml/d/kg to establish aging model mice.Divide mice randomly into experimental group (high-dose/low-dosecaffeine),positive control group,negative control group,and normal con-trol group (NS) and injecting appropriate drugs for consecutive four weeks.Test superoxyde dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehvde (MDA) periodically.Take mice's hippocampus and use Western blotting to detect the expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and extracellular signal-regulated kinasesl/2 (p-ERK1/2).Results:The expression of BDNF and p-ERK1/2,negative control group is less than low-dose experimental group and positive control group (P＜0.01);The p-ERK1/2 expression of injecting D-galactose mice was significantly lower than normal group,negative control group compared weth the normal group,the differencd was significant (P＜0.05).The level of SOD in model group was significantly lower than that in normal control group,high,low dose caffeine group and positive control group (P＜0.01),but the level of MDA is opposite.Conclusions:Caffeine can delay aging process by increasing the level of SOD in aging mice,and enhancing the expression of BDNF and P-ERK1/2.Caffeine does a lot to prevent AD.

Content and Dissolution Determination of Berberine Hydrochloride in Fengshi Qutong Capsule by HPLC / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for content and dissolution determination of berberine hydrochloride in Fengshi qutong capsule. METHODS:HPLC was conducted to determine the content of berberine hydrochloride in the preparation:the column was Waters Xbridge C18 with mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.05 mol/L sodium hydrogen(45:55,V/V)at a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min,de-tection wavelength was 345 nm,column temperature was 30 ℃,and the injection volume was 10 μl. Rotating basket method was used to determine the dissolution of berberine hydrochloride. RESULTS:The linear range of berberine hydrochloride was 1.06-74.2 μg/ml(r=0.9999);RSDs of precision, stability and reproducibility tests were lower than 1%;recovery was 96.8%-100.6%(RSD=1.6%,n=9). The dissolution of samples in 30 min was higher than 80%. CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple and stable with good reproducibility,and can be used for content and dissolution determination of berberine hydrochloride in Fengshi qutong capsule.

Investigation of blood transfusion in elderly patients in third-level general hospitals / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To investigate the blood transfusion paths in elderly patients in order to ensure the blood transfusion safety in the elderly.Methods Clinical data of elderly patients (aged 60 and over) receiving blood transfusion were selected from January 2008 to December 2013.Data of blood transfusion in different clinical department were analyzed.Results From 2008 to 2013,the number of elderly patients receiving blood transfusion and transfusion volume showed the rising trends.Patients in Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery had the most blood transfusion volume among all surgical departments (9.3U/person),and plasma transfusion accounted for the most with plasma and red blood cells in a 3 ∶ 1 ratio.Patients in Department of Internal Medicine had the most blood transfusion volume among all non surgical departments (15.9U/person),and platelets transfusion accounted for the most with platelets and red blood cells in a 3 ∶ 1 ratio.The oldest patients on average receiving blood transfusion in the top 10 was from Department of Emergency (aged 77 years),and the most common cause was gastrointestinal hemorrhage.The youngest patients receiving blood transfusion in the top 10 was from Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Department of Gynecology (aged 69 years),and the most common cause was huge pleural mass and ovarian cancer.Conclusions Blood transfusion for elderly patients should be restrict the indications for transfusion strictly,choose the reasonable transfusion time,blood components and volume.Physiological and functional changes and clinical features of elderly patients should be paid attention to at the same time in order to reduce unnecessary transfusions,particularly the dependence on plasma transfusion and unnecessary collocated blood transfusion,to avoid the overload and adverse transfusion reactions.

Development of a novel assay for cytotoxicity test by Calcein-AM release / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To develop and optimize a novel assay for determination of cytotoxicity based Calcein -AM release.Methods:The target cells stained by Calcein-AM dye,then effectors and targets were incubated at E/T ratios from 30∶1-1∶1 for 4 h at 37℃,and the supernatant of reactions were detected by Fluorescence-Measurement to analyze specific cytotoxity.Results:The optimal excitation and emission wave lengths of Calcein were 485 nm and 515 nm.Dilutions of target cells stained by Calcein-AM had a linear relationship with measured fluorescence values.The Calcein-AM dye used to stain the living cells was shown to have a low spontaneous leakage rate-less than 15% in 4 hours at 37℃.Cytotoxicity activity of CIK showed a significant and positive correlation with E/T ratio when incubated at 4 h.Conclusion:The developed cytotoxicity test by Calcein-AM release is accurate and can avoid the application of radioactive reagents.

Clinical analysis of massive blood transfusion in elderly patients in third-tier general hospital / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical status of massive transfusion in elderly patients in general hospital in order to improve the clinical use of blood and ensure the security of blood transfusion in elderly patients.Methods 100 patients who required massive transfusion were divided into 2 groups:elderly group (patients aged 60 years and over,n=32) and non-elderly group (patients aged under 60 years,n=68).Clinical blood transfusion indications in all patients met the Technical Criterion of Clinical Blood Transfusion issued by Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China in 2000.Clinical data were analyzed and compared between the two groups.Results Elderly patients with massive transfusion were mainly in department of surgery,including department of orthopedics,general surgery,hepatobiliary surgery,cardiac surgery and urology surgery and gastroenterology,and the mean age of patients in these departments was 71.5 years,69.9 years,72.0 years,66.0 years,65.5 years,70.8 years respectively,accounting for 50.0％,70.0％,20.0％,75.0％,20.0％ and 66.7％ in all patients who required massive blood transfusion respectively.The mean blood transfusion volumes were higher in patients in department of gastroenterology,general surgery,hepatobiliary surgery and orthopedic,in which the mean units of red blood cell components transfusion were 14.0 U,7.0 U,5.2 U and 4.1U respectively,the mean units of plasma components transfusion were 23.3 U,8.4 U,8.0 U,0.5 U respectively,and the mean uint of platelet components transfusion was 1.6 U in hepatobiliary surgery.Conclusions The risk of blood transfusion is higher in the elderly than in the non elderly.We should select the effective blood components reasonablely,reduce the unnecessary blood transfusion and decrease the dependence on plasma transfusion to avoid the transfusion overload and adverse reactions.

Development of the laboratory testing methodology for blood transfusion compatibility / 中华医院管理杂志

The paper analyzed the necessity of the testing items for blood transfusion compatibility.By means of a comprehensive evaluation of the testing requirements of blood transfusion labs,and a basis on characteristics of blood transfusion profession and technical specifications in clinical transfusion,the paper probed into building appropriate lab examination techniques in terms of ABO blood type testing item,RhD blood type testing item and screening test,and cross-matching testing items,for the purpose of achieving the safety and effectiveness of clinical blood use.

Analysis of safety on blood transfusion in the elderly patients / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To analyze the safety of blood transfusion in hospitalized senile patients,and to prevent or reduce adverse transfusion reactions. Methods The blood transfusion information of patients over the age of 60 years in our hospital from January 2009 to December 2011 were retrospective analyzed. The data of pre-storage type of autologous blood transfusion for elective surgery were also discussed. Results Among 3549 cases of elderly patients,there were totally 23877 times of allogeneic transfusion and 84 cases with blood transfusion adverse reactions of heating or allergic reactions.The adverse reaction rates occured most in the infusion of fresh frozen plasma (0.55％).There was no hemolytic reaction,and transfusion adverse reactions occarred during stored blood autotransfusion. Conclusions Medical institutions should set the scientific and rational principle of blood use and select the appropriate blood components to reduce transfusion adverse events in the elderly patients. The autologous blood transfusion in the elderly patients should be actively pursued.